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Historical figurePhase 4a · Muhajirun, Ansar, Tabi‘eenMajor figure

Marwan ibn al-Hakam

مروان بن الحكم

b. c. 2 AH; d. 65 AH; ruler 64-65 AH date disputed

Umayyad, cousin and secretary of Uthman, governor of Madinah under Mu'awiyah, and ruler 64-65 AH, founding the Marwanid line of the Umayyads. He was a child at the Prophet's death; whether he counts as a companion is debated.

Biography

Marwan served as Uthman's secretary, and letters attributed to him are blamed in historical sources for inflaming the rebels. He fought against Ali at the Battle of the Camel (historical).

As governor of Madinah he promoted Mu'awiyah's nomination of Yazid; Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr objected and Marwan claimed Quran 46:17 was revealed about him, which Aisha rejected (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Tafsir, Surah al-Ahqaf). He began delivering the Eid sermon before the prayer, and Abu Sa'id al-Khudri objected that this broke the Sunnah (Sahih Bukhari; Sahih Muslim). Sahih Muslim also records that a governor of Madinah from Marwan's family ordered Sahl ibn Sa'd to curse Ali, which Sahl refused. He ruled as caliph briefly in 64-65 AH.

Sources & explanation

۞ Qur'an

No specific verses cited for this node.

📜 Hadith verified on sunnah.com

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 4827 Sahih

    Marwan, governor of Hijaz for Mu'awiyah, urged allegiance to Yazid; 'Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr objected, and Aisha rejected Marwan's claim that 46:17 was revealed about him.

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 7112 Sahih

    Abu Barzah al-Aslami criticised those fighting for worldly power: Marwan in Sham, Ibn al-Zubayr in Makkah, and the qurra' in Basra.

💬 Explanation Mirza view verified

Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's perspective

Methodological note (not a direct quote): Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's widely known approach is to build narratives primarily on the Quran and Sahih Hadith, to set aside weak or fabricated narrations, and to avoid sectarian framing. Applied to this node: In verified videos Mirza cites the Sahih Muslim report of Marwan moving the Eid sermon before the prayer (with Abu Sa'id al-Khudri's objection), says Ali was reviled in Umayyad sermons, and cites the Bukhari report of Marwan and Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr over Yazid's succession.

Verified from the auto-transcripts of IGzUWj1OwDk (Eid sermon; cursing of Ali in sermons), ywqlRL1hUWs (Marwan and Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr) and 6zhjdo3CoFk. Machine transcripts; paraphrased.

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Further references

  • Sahih Bukhari (Kitab al-Tafsir, Surah al-Ahqaf)
  • Sahih Bukhari & Muslim (Abu Sa'id al-Khudri and the Eid sermon)
  • Sahih Muslim (Sahl ibn Sa'd ordered to curse Ali)
  • Tarikh al-Tabari (historical)

Connections

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