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Terra Mariana (Medieval Livonia)
Terra Mariana was the formal name of medieval Livonia, in present-day Estonia and Latvia, formed after the Livonian Crusade. It was founded in 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and divided into feudal principalities ruled by bishops and the military order. It ceased to exist in 1561 during the Livonian War.
Key facts
| Dates | 1207 – 1561 CE |
|---|---|
| Region | Europe & colonial empires |
| Continent | Europe |
| Type | crusader confederation |
| Capital | Riga |
| Religion(s) | Catholicism |
Before & after
Followed by
Sources
Dates follow widely used reference works; many ancient dates are approximate or debated. Neutral summary for general reference.