Islamic Timeline of RevelationInteractive timeline →Empires of the world
811 documented empires and major states, from the Sumerian city-states (c. 4500 BCE) to the end of the colonial empires and the Soviet Union, grouped by region. Each page gives dates, capitals, religions, predecessors and successors, links to figures in the Islamic timeline, and sources.
Ancient (to 500 BCE): 88 Classical (500 BCE – 500 CE): 177 Medieval (500 – 1500): 447 Early modern (1500 – 1800): 273 Modern (1800 – today): 222
Mesopotamia & Levant 38
- Sumerian city-states c. 4500 – c. 1900 BCE
- Ebla c. 3000 – c. 1600 BCE
- Mari c. 2900 – 1759 BCE
- Lagash (First Dynasty) c. 2520 – c. 2260 BCE
- Phoenician city-states c. 2500 – c. 64 BCE
- Akkadian Empire c. 2334 – c. 2154 BCE
- Gutian dynasty c. 2220 – c. 2119 BCE
- Third Dynasty of Ur (Neo-Sumerian Empire) c. 2112 – c. 2004 BCE
- Larsa c. 2025 – 1763 BCE
- Old Assyrian city-state c. 2025 – c. 1364 BCE
- Dynasty of Isin c. 2018 – c. 1794 BCE
- Old Babylonian Empire c. 1894 – c. 1595 BCE
- Yamhad c. 1810 – c. 1517 BCE
- Kingdom of Ugarit c. 1800 – c. 1185 BCE
- First Sealand dynasty c. 1732 – c. 1475 BCE
- Mitanni c. 1600 – c. 1260 BCE
- Kassite Babylonia c. 1595 – c. 1155 BCE
- Middle Assyrian Empire 1363 – 912 BCE
- Edom c. 1300 – c. 553 BCE
- Moab c. 1300 – c. 400 BCE
- Second Dynasty of Isin c. 1157 – c. 1026 BCE
- Aram-Damascus c. 1150 – 732 BCE
- United Kingdom of Israel c. 1047 – c. 930 BCE
- Ammon c. 1000 – 332 BCE
- Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) c. 930 – c. 720 BCE
- Kingdom of Judah c. 930 – 587 BCE
- Neo-Assyrian Empire 911 – 609 BCE
- Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 – 539 BCE
- Seleucid Empire 312 – 63 BCE
- Adiabene c. 164 BCE – c. 379 CE
- Hasmonean kingdom c. 141 – 37 BCE
- Characene 141 BCE – 222 CE
- Osroene 132 BCE – 214 CE
- Herodian kingdom of Judea 37 – 4 BCE
- Kingdom of Hatra c. 100 CE – 241 CE
- Palmyrene Empire 270 CE – 273 CE
- Kingdom of Jerusalem 1099 – 1291 CE
- County of Tripoli 1102 – 1289 CE
Egypt & the Nile 19
- Early Dynastic Egypt c. 3150 – c. 2686 BCE
- Old Kingdom of Egypt c. 2686 – c. 2181 BCE
- Egypt – First Intermediate Period c. 2181 – c. 2055 BCE
- Middle Kingdom of Egypt c. 2055 – c. 1650 BCE
- Egypt – Second Intermediate Period c. 1700 – 1550 BCE
- Hyksos (Fifteenth Dynasty) c. 1650 – c. 1550 BCE
- New Kingdom of Egypt c. 1570 – c. 1069 BCE
- Egypt – Third Intermediate Period c. 1077 – 664 BCE
- Kingdom of Kush c. 780 BCE – c. 350 CE
- Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt (Kushite) 754 – 656 BCE
- Saite Egypt (Twenty-sixth Dynasty) 664 – 525 BCE
- Ptolemaic Kingdom 305 – 30 BCE
- Tulunid dynasty 868 CE – 905 CE
- Ikhshidid dynasty 935 CE – 969 CE
- Ayyubid Sultanate 1171 – 1260 CE
- Mamluk Sultanate 1250 – 1517 CE
- Funj Sultanate of Sennar 1504 – 1821 CE
- Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty 1805 – 1953 CE
- Kingdom of Egypt 1922 – 1953 CE
Anatolia & Caucasus 37
- Hittite Empire c. 1650 – c. 1190 BCE
- Kingdom of Carchemish c. 1321 – 717 BCE
- Colchis c. 1300 BCE – c. 131 CE
- Phrygia c. 1200 – c. 675 BCE
- Lydia c. 1200 – 546 BCE
- Urartu c. 860 – c. 590 BCE
- Kingdom of Cappadocia 331 BCE – 17 CE
- Kingdom of Iberia (Kartli) c. 302 BCE – 580 CE
- Kingdom of Bithynia 297 – 74 BCE
- Kingdom of Pontus 281 BCE – 62 CE
- Kingdom of Armenia 189 BCE – 428 CE
- Kingdom of Commagene 163 BCE – 72 CE
- Caucasian Albania c. 150 BCE – c. 750 CE
- Shirvanshahs 861 CE – 1538 CE
- Bagratid Armenia c. 885 CE – 1045 CE
- Shaddadids 951 CE – 1199 CE
- Marwanids (Diyar Bakr) c. 990 CE – 1085 CE
- Kingdom of Georgia c. 1008 – 1490 CE
- Danishmendids 1071 – 1178 CE
- Sultanate of Rum 1077 – 1308 CE
- Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia 1080 – 1375 CE
- County of Edessa 1098 – 1144 CE
- Principality of Antioch 1098 – 1268 CE
- Artuqids 1102 – 1409 CE
- Empire of Nicaea 1204 – 1261 CE
- Empire of Trebizond 1204 – 1461 CE
- Karamanids c. 1250 – 1487 CE
- Candar dynasty (Isfendiyarids) 1291 – 1461 CE
- Ottoman Empire c. 1299 – 1922 CE
- Germiyanids c. 1300 – 1429 CE
- Aydinids 1308 – 1426 CE
- Beylik of Dulkadir 1337 – 1522 CE
- Ramadanid Emirate 1352 – 1608 CE
- Kingdom of Imereti 1463 – 1810 CE
- Kingdom of Kakheti 1466 – 1762 CE
- Kingdom of Kartli 1478 – 1762 CE
- Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti 1762 – 1801 CE
Iran & Central Asia 51
- Elam c. 3200 – c. 539 BCE
- Mannaea c. 950 – c. 650 BCE
- Median Empire c. 678 – c. 549 BCE
- Achaemenid Persian Empire 550 – 330 BCE
- Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 256 – 120 BCE
- Parthian Empire 247 BCE – 224 CE
- Elymais 147 BCE – 222 CE
- Indo-Parthian kingdom 19 CE – 226 CE
- Sasanian Persian Empire 224 CE – 651 CE
- Kidarites 320 CE – 467 CE
- Alchon Huns c. 370 CE – c. 670 CE
- Hephthalite Empire c. 440 CE – c. 560 CE
- Bavand dynasty 651 CE – 1349 CE
- Rawwadid dynasty c. 780 CE – c. 1071 CE
- Ghurid dynasty c. 786 CE – 1215 CE
- Samanid Empire 819 CE – 999 CE
- Tahirid dynasty 821 CE – 873 CE
- Saffarid dynasty 861 CE – 1003 CE
- Alavids (Zaydi emirate of Tabaristan) 864 CE – 928 CE
- Sajid dynasty 889 CE – 929 CE
- Sallarid dynasty 919 CE – 1062 CE
- Ziyarid dynasty 931 CE – 1090 CE
- Buyid dynasty 934 CE – 1062 CE
- Ghaznavid Empire 977 CE – 1186 CE
- Kakuyids 1008 – 1141 CE
- Great Seljuk Empire 1037 – 1194 CE
- Khwarazmian Empire 1077 – 1231 CE
- Nizari Ismaili state (Alamut) 1090 – 1256 CE
- Eldiguzids 1136 – 1225 CE
- Kart dynasty 1244 – 1381 CE
- Ilkhanate 1256 – 1335 CE
- Muzaffarids (Iran) c. 1314 – 1393 CE
- Injuids 1335 – 1357 CE
- Jalayirid Sultanate 1335 – 1432 CE
- Sarbadars 1337 – 1381 CE
- Chobanids 1338 – 1357 CE
- Timurid Empire 1370 – 1507 CE
- Qara Qoyunlu 1374 – 1468 CE
- Aq Qoyunlu c. 1378 – 1503 CE
- Safavid Empire 1501 – 1736 CE
- Khanate of Bukhara 1501 – 1785 CE
- Khanate of Khiva 1511 – 1920 CE
- Hotak dynasty 1709 – 1738 CE
- Khanate of Kokand 1709 – 1876 CE
- Afsharid Iran 1736 – 1796 CE
- Durrani Empire 1747 – 1823 CE
- Zand dynasty 1751 – 1794 CE
- Emirate of Bukhara 1785 – 1920 CE
- Qajar Iran 1789 – 1925 CE
- Emirate of Afghanistan 1823 – 1926 CE
- Imperial State of Iran (Pahlavi) 1925 – 1979 CE
Arabia & the Caliphates 40
- Qataban c. 1000 BCE – c. 150 CE
- Kingdom of Saba (Sheba) c. 1000 BCE – c. 275 CE
- Kingdom of Hadramawt c. 1000 BCE – c. 290 CE
- Awsan c. 800 – c. 650 BCE
- Ma'in (Minaean kingdom) c. 700 BCE – c. 50 CE
- Lihyan (Dedan) c. 500 – c. 100 BCE
- Nabataean Kingdom c. 300 BCE – 106 CE
- Himyarite Kingdom 110 BCE – c. 578 CE
- Ghassanid Kingdom c. 220 CE – c. 638 CE
- Lakhmid Kingdom c. 293 CE – 602 CE
- Kingdom of Kinda c. 450 CE – c. 550 CE
- Rashidun Caliphate 632 CE – 661 CE
- Umayyad Caliphate 661 CE – 750 CE
- Abbasid Caliphate 750 CE – 1258 CE
- Ziyadid dynasty 819 CE – 1018 CE
- Emirate of Crete c. 824 CE – 961 CE
- Emirate of Bari 847 CE – 871 CE
- Hamdanid dynasty 890 CE – 1004 CE
- Qarmatian state of Bahrayn 899 CE – 1077 CE
- Fatimid Caliphate 909 CE – 1171 CE
- Sharifate of Mecca 967 CE – 1916 CE
- Uqaylid dynasty 990 CE – 1096 CE
- Najahid dynasty 1022 – 1158 CE
- Mirdasid dynasty 1024 – 1080 CE
- Sulayhid dynasty 1047 – 1138 CE
- Zengid dynasty 1127 – 1250 CE
- Rasulid dynasty 1229 – 1454 CE
- Kathiri Sultanate 1379 – 1967 CE
- Tahirid Sultanate (Yemen) 1454 – 1517 CE
- Omani Empire 1696 – 1856 CE
- Emirate of Diriyah (First Saudi State) 1727 – 1818 CE
- Emirate of Nejd (Second Saudi State) 1824 – 1891 CE
- Emirate of Jabal Shammar 1836 – 1921 CE
- Qu'aiti Sultanate c. 1858 – 1967 CE
- Kingdom of Hejaz 1916 – 1925 CE
- Arab Kingdom of Syria 1918 – 1920 CE
- Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen 1918 – 1970 CE
- Emirate of Transjordan 1921 – 1946 CE
- Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq 1921 – 1958 CE
- Saudi Arabia 1932 – present CE
North Africa & al-Andalus 33
- Garamantian kingdom c. 1000 BCE – c. 700 CE
- Carthaginian Empire c. 814 – 146 BCE
- Mauretania c. 225 BCE – 44 CE
- Numidia 202 – 25 BCE
- Mauro-Roman Kingdom c. 429 CE – 599 CE
- Vandal Kingdom 435 CE – 534 CE
- Emirate of Nekor 710 CE – 1015 CE
- Barghawata 744 CE – 1058 CE
- Emirate of Córdoba 756 CE – 929 CE
- Midrarid dynasty c. 757 CE – 976 CE
- Rustamid dynasty 777 CE – 909 CE
- Idrisid dynasty 788 CE – 974 CE
- Aghlabid Emirate 800 CE – 909 CE
- Emirate of Sicily 831 CE – 1091 CE
- Caliphate of Córdoba 929 CE – 1031 CE
- Zirid dynasty 972 CE – 1148 CE
- Taifa kingdoms of al-Andalus 1009 – 1094 CE
- Hammadid dynasty 1014 – 1152 CE
- Almoravid dynasty c. 1050 – 1147 CE
- Almohad Caliphate 1121 – 1269 CE
- Hafsid Sultanate 1229 – 1574 CE
- Emirate of Granada (Nasrid) 1232 – 1492 CE
- Kingdom of Tlemcen (Zayyanid) 1235 – 1556 CE
- Marinid Sultanate 1244 – 1465 CE
- Wattasid dynasty 1472 – 1554 CE
- Saadi Sultanate 1510 – 1659 CE
- Regency of Algiers 1516 – 1830 CE
- Ottoman Tripolitania 1551 – 1912 CE
- Ottoman Tunisia 1574 – 1881 CE
- Republic of Salé 1627 – 1668 CE
- Alawi Sultanate of Morocco 1666 – 1912 CE
- Emirate of Abdelkader 1832 – 1847 CE
- Republic of the Rif 1921 – 1926 CE
Greece, Rome & Byzantium 21
- Minoan civilisation c. 3100 – c. 1100 BCE
- Mycenaean Greece c. 1750 – c. 1050 BCE
- Sparta (Lacedaemon) c. 900 – 192 BCE
- Etruscan civilisation c. 900 – 27 BCE
- Roman Republic 509 – 27 BCE
- Odrysian kingdom c. 480 – 30 BCE
- Athenian Empire (Delian League) 478 – 404 BCE
- Bosporan Kingdom c. 438 BCE – c. 527 CE
- Macedonian Empire of Alexander the Great 336 – 323 BCE
- Kingdom of Epirus 330 – 167 BCE
- Antigonid Macedonia 306 – 168 BCE
- Kingdom of Pergamon c. 282 – 129 BCE
- Achaean League 280 – 146 BCE
- Dacian kingdom 82 BCE – 106 CE
- Roman Empire 27 BCE – 395 CE
- Gallic Empire 260 CE – 274 CE
- Western Roman Empire 395 CE – 476 CE
- Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire) 395 CE – 1453 CE
- Kingdom of Cyprus 1192 – 1489 CE
- Latin Empire 1204 – 1261 CE
- Empire of Thessalonica 1224 – 1246 CE
Europe & colonial empires 119
- Kingdom of the Suebi 409 CE – 585 CE
- Kingdom of the Burgundians 411 CE – 534 CE
- Visigothic Kingdom 418 CE – 721 CE
- Kingdom of the Gepids 454 CE – 567 CE
- Kingdom of Kent c. 455 CE – 825 CE
- Domain of Soissons c. 457 CE – 486 CE
- Frankish Empire (Francia) 481 CE – 843 CE
- Ostrogothic Kingdom 493 CE – 553 CE
- Dál Riata c. 498 CE – c. 850 CE
- Kingdom of Gwynedd c. 500 CE – 1283 CE
- Kingdom of Wessex c. 519 CE – 927 CE
- Mercia c. 527 CE – 918 CE
- Kingdom of East Anglia c. 550 CE – 918 CE
- Kingdom of the Lombards 568 CE – 774 CE
- Samo's realm 623 CE – 658 CE
- Northumbria 654 CE – 954 CE
- First Bulgarian Empire 681 CE – 1018 CE
- Republic of Venice c. 697 CE – 1797 CE
- Kingdom of Asturias 718 CE – 924 CE
- Papal States 756 CE – 1870 CE
- Carolingian Empire 800 CE – 888 CE
- County of Barcelona 801 CE – 1162 CE
- Kingdom of Navarre 824 CE – 1620 CE
- Great Moravia c. 833 CE – c. 907 CE
- Kingdom of Scotland c. 843 CE – 1707 CE
- Kingdom of Brittany 851 CE – 939 CE
- Kingdom of Dublin c. 853 CE – 1170 CE
- Principality of Polotsk c. 862 CE – 1504 CE
- Kingdom of Jórvík (Viking York) 867 CE – 954 CE
- Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) c. 872 CE – 1397 CE
- Kievan Rus' c. 879 CE – 1240 CE
- Kingdom of León 910 CE – 1230 CE
- Duchy of Normandy 911 CE – 1204 CE
- Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102) c. 925 CE – 1102 CE
- Kingdom of England 927 CE – 1707 CE
- Holy Roman Empire 962 CE – 1806 CE
- Kingdom of France 987 CE – 1792 CE
- Republic of Pisa c. 1000 – 1406 CE
- Kingdom of Hungary 1000 – 1946 CE
- North Sea Empire 1013 – 1042 CE
- Kingdom of Poland 1025 – 1795 CE
- Republic of Genoa 1099 – 1797 CE
- Republic of Florence 1115 – 1569 CE
- Vladimir-Suzdal 1125 – 1389 CE
- Principality of Ryazan 1129 – 1521 CE
- Kingdom of Sicily 1130 – 1816 CE
- Novgorod Republic 1136 – 1478 CE
- Crown of Aragon 1137 – c. 1707 CE
- Kingdom of Portugal 1139 – 1910 CE
- Second Bulgarian Empire 1185 – 1396 CE
- Kingdom of Bohemia 1198 – 1918 CE
- Galicia–Volhynia 1199 – 1349 CE
- Principality of Achaea 1205 – 1432 CE
- Duchy of Athens 1205 – 1458 CE
- Despotate of Epirus 1205 – 1479 CE
- Terra Mariana (Medieval Livonia) 1207 – 1561 CE
- State of the Teutonic Order 1226 – 1561 CE
- Crown of Castile 1230 – 1716 CE
- Grand Duchy of Lithuania c. 1236 – 1795 CE
- Principality of Tver 1246 – 1485 CE
- Grand Duchy of Moscow 1263 – 1547 CE
- Kingdom of Naples 1282 – 1816 CE
- Habsburg monarchy 1282 – 1918 CE
- Old Swiss Confederacy 1291 – 1798 CE
- Kingdom of Sardinia 1297 – 1861 CE
- Wallachia 1330 – 1859 CE
- Serbian Empire 1346 – 1371 CE
- Moldavia 1346 – 1859 CE
- Despotate of the Morea 1349 – 1460 CE
- Electorate of Saxony 1356 – 1806 CE
- Republic of Ragusa 1358 – 1808 CE
- Zeta under the Balšići 1371 – 1421 CE
- Kingdom of Bosnia 1377 – 1463 CE
- Burgundian State 1384 – 1482 CE
- Duchy of Milan 1395 – 1796 CE
- Kalmar Union 1397 – 1523 CE
- Serbian Despotate 1402 – 1459 CE
- Portuguese Empire 1415 – 1999 CE
- Duchy of Savoy 1416 – 1847 CE
- Spanish Empire 1492 – 1976 CE
- Empire of Charles V 1519 – 1556 CE
- First French colonial empire 1534 – 1803 CE
- Denmark–Norway 1537 – 1814 CE
- Danish colonial empire 1537 – 1953 CE
- Kingdom of Ireland 1542 – 1800 CE
- Tsardom of Russia 1547 – 1721 CE
- Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 1569 – 1795 CE
- Grand Duchy of Tuscany 1569 – 1860 CE
- Principality of Transylvania 1570 – 1711 CE
- Iberian Union 1580 – 1640 CE
- British Empire c. 1583 – 1997 CE
- Dutch Republic 1588 – 1795 CE
- Dutch colonial empire 1595 – 1975 CE
- Swedish Empire 1611 – 1721 CE
- Kingdom of Prussia 1701 – 1918 CE
- Kingdom of Great Britain 1707 – 1800 CE
- Russian Empire 1721 – 1917 CE
- First French Empire (Napoleonic) 1804 – 1815 CE
- Austrian Empire 1804 – 1867 CE
- Confederation of the Rhine 1806 – 1813 CE
- Kingdom of Bavaria 1806 – 1918 CE
- Kingdom of Westphalia 1807 – 1813 CE
- Duchy of Warsaw 1807 – 1815 CE
- Kingdom of Hanover 1814 – 1866 CE
- Kingdom of the Two Sicilies 1816 – 1861 CE
- Second French colonial empire 1830 – 1980 CE
- German Empire (1848–1849) 1848 – 1849 CE
- Second French Empire 1852 – 1870 CE
- Principality and Kingdom of Montenegro 1852 – 1918 CE
- Kingdom of Italy 1861 – 1946 CE
- Austria-Hungary 1867 – 1918 CE
- German Empire 1871 – 1918 CE
- Italian colonial empire 1882 – 1947 CE
- German colonial empire 1884 – 1920 CE
- Belgian colonial empire 1908 – 1962 CE
- Kingdom of Yugoslavia 1918 – 1941 CE
- Czechoslovakia 1918 – 1992 CE
- Soviet Union 1922 – 1991 CE
- Nazi Germany (Third Reich) 1933 – 1945 CE
Eurasian steppe 38
- Scythian kingdom c. 800 – c. 300 BCE
- Xiongnu Empire 209 BCE – c. 91 CE
- Xianbei state 93 CE – 234 CE
- Rouran Khaganate c. 330 CE – 555 CE
- Hunnic Empire c. 370 CE – 469 CE
- First Turkic Khaganate 552 CE – 603 CE
- Avar Khaganate c. 567 CE – c. 822 CE
- Eastern Turkic Khaganate 581 CE – 645 CE
- Western Turkic Khaganate 581 CE – 657 CE
- Xueyantuo Khaganate 628 CE – 646 CE
- Old Great Bulgaria 632 CE – 668 CE
- Khazar Khaganate c. 650 CE – c. 969 CE
- Second Turkic Khaganate 682 CE – 744 CE
- Türgesh Khaganate 699 CE – 766 CE
- Uyghur Khaganate 744 CE – 840 CE
- Oghuz Yabgu State 750 CE – 1055 CE
- Kara-Khanid Khanate 840 CE – 1212 CE
- Volga Bulgaria c. 880 CE – c. 1240 CE
- Pecheneg confederation 889 CE – 1091 CE
- Cumania (Cuman–Kipchak confederation) c. 950 CE – 1241 CE
- Qara Khitai 1124 – 1218 CE
- Mongol Empire 1206 – 1368 CE
- Chagatai Khanate 1225 – 1347 CE
- Golden Horde 1242 – 1502 CE
- Moghulistan (Eastern Chagatai Khanate) 1347 – 1462 CE
- Northern Yuan 1368 – 1635 CE
- Uzbek Khanate (Abu'l-Khayrid) 1428 – 1471 CE
- Khanate of Kazan 1438 – 1552 CE
- Crimean Khanate 1441 – 1783 CE
- Qasim Khanate 1452 – 1681 CE
- Kazakh Khanate 1465 – c. 1780 CE
- Great Horde c. 1466 – 1502 CE
- Astrakhan Khanate 1466 – 1556 CE
- Khanate of Sibir 1468 – 1598 CE
- Nogai Horde 1480 – 1634 CE
- Yarkent Khanate 1514 – 1705 CE
- Kalmyk Khanate 1630 – 1771 CE
- Dzungar Khanate 1634 – 1758 CE
South Asia 99
- Indus Valley Civilisation c. 3300 – c. 1300 BCE
- Kuru kingdom c. 1200 – c. 345 BCE
- Panchala c. 1100 BCE – c. 340 CE
- Kosala c. 700 – c. 450 BCE
- Avanti c. 700 – c. 300 BCE
- Vatsa c. 700 – c. 300 BCE
- Magadha (Haryanka and Shaishunaga kingdoms) c. 544 – c. 345 BCE
- Pandya dynasty c. 500 BCE – 1618 CE
- Anuradhapura Kingdom c. 437 BCE – 1017 CE
- Nanda Empire c. 345 – c. 322 BCE
- Maurya Empire c. 322 – 185 BCE
- Chera dynasty (early) c. 300 BCE – c. 500 CE
- Indo-Greek Kingdom c. 200 BCE – c. 10 CE
- Shunga Empire c. 185 – c. 73 BCE
- Satavahana dynasty c. 150 BCE – c. 224 CE
- Mahameghavahana dynasty (Kalinga) c. 150 BCE – c. 320 CE
- Indo-Scythian Kingdom c. 150 BCE – c. 400 CE
- Kushan Empire c. 30 CE – c. 375 CE
- Western Satraps 35 CE – 415 CE
- Ikshvakus of Vijayapuri c. 220 CE – c. 320 CE
- Gupta Empire c. 240 CE – c. 579 CE
- Vakataka dynasty c. 250 CE – c. 510 CE
- Pallava dynasty 275 CE – 897 CE
- Kadamba dynasty 345 CE – 540 CE
- Western Ganga dynasty 350 CE – 1000 CE
- Kamarupa 350 CE – 1140 CE
- Licchavi kingdom of Nepal c. 400 CE – c. 879 CE
- Vishnukundina dynasty 420 CE – 624 CE
- Maitraka dynasty (Valabhi) c. 475 CE – 776 CE
- Rai dynasty (Sindh) 489 CE – 632 CE
- Eastern Ganga dynasty 493 CE – 1434 CE
- Chalukya dynasty (Badami) 543 CE – 753 CE
- Chahamanas of Shakambhari c. 551 CE – 1192 CE
- Kingdom of Mewar c. 566 CE – 1948 CE
- Empire of Harsha (Pushyabhuti dynasty) 606 CE – 647 CE
- Eastern Chalukyas 624 CE – 1189 CE
- Karkota dynasty 625 CE – 855 CE
- Chach (Brahmin) dynasty of Sindh c. 632 CE – 712 CE
- Turk Shahis 665 CE – 822 CE
- Kalachuris of Tripuri 675 CE – 1212 CE
- Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty c. 730 CE – c. 1036 CE
- Pala Empire c. 750 CE – c. 1161 CE
- Rashtrakuta dynasty 753 CE – 982 CE
- Hindu Shahis c. 822 CE – 1026 CE
- Chandela dynasty c. 831 CE – 1315 CE
- Chola Empire 848 CE – 1279 CE
- Habbari Emirate 854 CE – 1026 CE
- Chaulukya dynasty (Solanki) c. 940 CE – 1244 CE
- Paramara dynasty 948 CE – 1305 CE
- Hoysala Kingdom 950 CE – 1346 CE
- Western Chalukya Empire 957 CE – 1184 CE
- Soomra dynasty 1026 – 1351 CE
- Kingdom of Polonnaruwa 1055 – 1232 CE
- Sena dynasty 1070 – 1230 CE
- Gahadavala dynasty 1072 – 1237 CE
- Manipur Kingdom c. 1110 – 1949 CE
- Kingdom of Cochin c. 1150 – 1949 CE
- Kakatiya dynasty 1163 – 1323 CE
- Seuna (Yadava) dynasty 1187 – 1317 CE
- Malla dynasty (Nepal) c. 1201 – 1769 CE
- Delhi Sultanate 1206 – 1526 CE
- Jaffna Kingdom 1215 – 1619 CE
- Ahom kingdom 1228 – 1826 CE
- Kashmir Sultanate 1320 – 1586 CE
- Madurai (Ma'bar) Sultanate 1335 – 1378 CE
- Vijayanagara Empire 1336 – 1646 CE
- Bahmani Sultanate 1347 – 1527 CE
- Samma dynasty 1351 – 1524 CE
- Bengal Sultanate 1352 – 1576 CE
- Khandesh Sultanate (Farooqi dynasty) 1382 – 1601 CE
- Jaunpur Sultanate 1394 – 1494 CE
- Gujarat Sultanate 1394 – 1573 CE
- Kingdom of Mysore 1399 – 1950 CE
- Twipra Kingdom (Tripura) c. 1400 – 1949 CE
- Malwa Sultanate 1401 – 1562 CE
- Kingdom of Kotte 1412 – 1597 CE
- Gajapati Empire 1434 – 1541 CE
- Langah Sultanate 1445 – 1530 CE
- Kingdom of Kandy 1469 – 1815 CE
- Arghun dynasty 1479 – 1554 CE
- Berar Sultanate 1490 – 1574 CE
- Ahmadnagar Sultanate 1490 – 1636 CE
- Bijapur Sultanate 1490 – 1686 CE
- Bidar Sultanate 1492 – 1619 CE
- Koch dynasty (Kamata / Cooch Behar) 1515 – 1949 CE
- Golconda Sultanate 1518 – 1687 CE
- Mughal Empire 1526 – 1857 CE
- Sur Empire 1538 – 1555 CE
- Gorkha Kingdom 1559 – 1768 CE
- Kingdom of Sikkim 1642 – 1975 CE
- Maratha Confederacy 1674 – 1818 CE
- Kalhora dynasty 1701 – 1783 CE
- Hyderabad State 1724 – 1948 CE
- Kingdom of Travancore 1729 – 1949 CE
- Kingdom of Nepal 1768 – 2008 CE
- Talpur dynasty 1783 – 1843 CE
- Sikh Empire 1799 – 1849 CE
- Jammu and Kashmir (princely state) 1846 – 1947 CE
- British Raj 1858 – 1947 CE
China & Tibet 89
- Xia dynasty c. 2070 – c. 1600 BCE
- Shang dynasty c. 1600 – 1046 BCE
- Wu (state) c. 1100 – 473 BCE
- Song (state) c. 1046 – 286 BCE
- Zhou dynasty 1046 – 256 BCE
- Qi (state) c. 1046 – 221 BCE
- Yan (state) c. 1045 – 222 BCE
- Lu (state) c. 1042 – 249 BCE
- Jin (Zhou state) c. 1033 – 369 BCE
- Chu (state) c. 1030 – 223 BCE
- Yue (state) c. 600 – 333 BCE
- Han (Warring States) 403 – 230 BCE
- Wei (state) 403 – 225 BCE
- Zhao (state) 403 – 222 BCE
- Kingdom of Khotan c. 300 BCE – 1006 CE
- Qin dynasty 221 – 206 BCE
- Han dynasty 202 BCE – 220 CE
- Kingdom of Kucha c. 150 BCE – 648 CE
- Xin dynasty 9 CE – 23 CE
- Cao Wei 220 CE – 266 CE
- Shu Han 221 CE – 263 CE
- Eastern Wu 222 CE – 280 CE
- Jin dynasty 266 CE – 420 CE
- Tuyuhun 284 CE – 670 CE
- Former Liang c. 301 CE – 376 CE
- Han-Zhao (Former Zhao) 304 CE – 329 CE
- Cheng-Han 304 CE – 347 CE
- Dai (Tuoba Dai) 310 CE – 376 CE
- Later Zhao 319 CE – 351 CE
- Former Yan 337 CE – 370 CE
- Former Qin 351 CE – 394 CE
- Later Yan 384 CE – 409 CE
- Later Qin 384 CE – 417 CE
- Western Qin 385 CE – 431 CE
- Later Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms) 386 CE – 403 CE
- Northern Wei 386 CE – 535 CE
- Southern Liang 397 CE – 414 CE
- Northern Liang 397 CE – 439 CE
- Southern Yan 398 CE – 410 CE
- Western Liang 400 CE – 421 CE
- Xia (Helian Xia) 407 CE – 431 CE
- Northern Yan 407 CE – 436 CE
- Liu Song dynasty 420 CE – 479 CE
- Southern Qi 479 CE – 502 CE
- Liang dynasty 502 CE – 557 CE
- Eastern Wei 534 CE – 550 CE
- Western Wei 535 CE – 557 CE
- Northern Qi 550 CE – 577 CE
- Northern Zhou 557 CE – 581 CE
- Chen dynasty 557 CE – 589 CE
- Sui dynasty 581 CE – 618 CE
- Tibetan Empire c. 618 CE – 842 CE
- Tang dynasty 618 CE – 907 CE
- Nanzhao 738 CE – 902 CE
- Qocho (Uyghur kingdom) 843 CE – c. 1335 CE
- Later Liang 907 CE – 923 CE
- Former Shu 907 CE – 925 CE
- Wu (Yang Wu) 907 CE – 937 CE
- Ma Chu 907 CE – 951 CE
- Wuyue 907 CE – 978 CE
- Min 909 CE – 945 CE
- Liao dynasty 916 CE – 1125 CE
- Southern Han 917 CE – 971 CE
- Later Tang 923 CE – 937 CE
- Jingnan 924 CE – 963 CE
- Later Shu 934 CE – 965 CE
- Later Jin 936 CE – 947 CE
- Southern Tang 937 CE – 976 CE
- Dali Kingdom 937 CE – 1253 CE
- Later Han 947 CE – 951 CE
- Later Zhou 951 CE – 960 CE
- Northern Han 951 CE – 979 CE
- Song dynasty 960 CE – 1279 CE
- Western Xia 1038 – 1227 CE
- Jin dynasty (Jurchen) 1115 – 1234 CE
- Yuan dynasty 1271 – 1368 CE
- Phagmodrupa dynasty 1354 – 1618 CE
- Ming dynasty 1368 – 1644 CE
- Tsangpa dynasty 1565 – 1642 CE
- Later Jin (Manchu) 1616 – 1636 CE
- Qing dynasty 1636 – 1912 CE
- Ganden Phodrang (Dalai Lama government) 1642 – 1959 CE
- Shun dynasty 1644 – 1646 CE
- Southern Ming 1644 – 1662 CE
- Kingdom of Tungning 1662 – 1683 CE
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 1851 – 1864 CE
- Republic of China (1912–1949) 1912 – 1949 CE
- Manchukuo 1932 – 1945 CE
- People's Republic of China 1949 – present CE
Korea & Japan 25
- Gojoseon c. 2333 – 108 BCE
- Buyeo c. 200 BCE – 494 CE
- Silla c. 57 BCE – 935 CE
- Goguryeo c. 37 BCE – 668 CE
- Baekje c. 18 BCE – 660 CE
- Gaya confederacy c. 42 CE – 562 CE
- Yamato state (Kofun and Asuka periods) c. 250 CE – 710 CE
- Balhae 698 CE – 926 CE
- Nara-period Japan 710 CE – 794 CE
- Heian-period Japan 794 CE – 1185 CE
- Later Baekje 892 CE – 936 CE
- Taebong 901 CE – 918 CE
- Goryeo 918 CE – 1392 CE
- Kamakura shogunate 1185 – 1333 CE
- Ashikaga shogunate 1336 – 1573 CE
- Joseon 1392 – 1897 CE
- Ryukyu Kingdom 1429 – 1879 CE
- Oda–Toyotomi regime (Azuchi–Momoyama period) 1568 – 1600 CE
- Tokugawa shogunate 1603 – 1868 CE
- Empire of Japan 1868 – 1947 CE
- Republic of Ezo 1869 – 1869 CE
- Korean Empire 1897 – 1910 CE
- Japan (post-war State of Japan) 1947 – present CE
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) 1948 – present CE
- South Korea (Republic of Korea) 1948 – present CE
Southeast Asia 65
- Âu Lạc c. 257 – c. 179 BCE
- Nanyue 204 – 111 BCE
- Pyu city-states c. 200 BCE – c. 1050 CE
- Funan c. 50 CE – c. 627 CE
- Tambralinga c. 150 CE – 1277 CE
- Langkasuka c. 150 CE – c. 1450 CE
- Champa c. 192 CE – 1832 CE
- Tarumanagara c. 358 CE – 669 CE
- Kalingga c. 550 CE – c. 700 CE
- Chenla 550 CE – 802 CE
- Dvaravati c. 600 CE – c. 1100 CE
- Srivijaya c. 671 CE – c. 1377 CE
- Mataram Kingdom (Medang) 716 CE – 1017 CE
- Khmer Empire 802 CE – 1431 CE
- Pagan Kingdom 849 CE – 1297 CE
- Sunda Kingdom 932 CE – 1579 CE
- Ngô dynasty 939 CE – 965 CE
- Đinh dynasty 968 CE – 980 CE
- Early Lê dynasty 980 CE – 1009 CE
- Lý dynasty 1009 – 1225 CE
- Kediri Kingdom 1042 – 1222 CE
- Kedah Sultanate c. 1136 – 1821 CE
- Singhasari 1222 – 1292 CE
- Trần dynasty 1225 – 1400 CE
- Sukhothai Kingdom 1238 – 1438 CE
- Samudera Pasai Sultanate 1267 – 1524 CE
- Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287 – 1552 CE
- Lan Na 1292 – 1775 CE
- Majapahit c. 1293 – c. 1527 CE
- Sultanate of Gowa c. 1320 – 1957 CE
- Bone Sultanate c. 1330 – 1905 CE
- Ayutthaya Kingdom 1351 – 1767 CE
- Lan Xang 1353 – 1707 CE
- Kingdom of Ava 1365 – 1555 CE
- Bruneian Sultanate 1368 – 1888 CE
- Hồ dynasty 1400 – 1407 CE
- Malacca Sultanate c. 1400 – 1511 CE
- Patani Kingdom c. 1400 – 1902 CE
- Later Lê dynasty 1428 – 1789 CE
- Kingdom of Mrauk U 1430 – 1785 CE
- Kingdom of Cambodia (post-Angkor) 1431 – 1863 CE
- Sultanate of Cirebon 1445 – 1677 CE
- Sultanate of Tidore c. 1450 – 1967 CE
- Sultanate of Sulu c. 1457 – 1915 CE
- Demak Sultanate c. 1475 – 1568 CE
- Sultanate of Ternate 1486 – 1914 CE
- Aceh Sultanate 1496 – 1904 CE
- Toungoo Empire 1510 – 1752 CE
- Sultanate of Maguindanao 1515 – 1899 CE
- Sultanate of Banjar 1520 – 1905 CE
- Banten Sultanate 1526 – 1813 CE
- Mạc dynasty 1527 – 1677 CE
- Johor Sultanate 1528 – 1824 CE
- Mataram Sultanate 1584 – 1755 CE
- Kingdom of Vientiane 1707 – 1828 CE
- Kingdom of Luang Prabang 1707 – 1947 CE
- Kingdom of Champasak 1713 – 1904 CE
- Sultanate of Siak 1722 – 1949 CE
- Konbaung dynasty 1752 – 1885 CE
- Thonburi Kingdom 1767 – 1782 CE
- Tây Sơn dynasty 1778 – 1802 CE
- Rattanakosin Kingdom (Siam) 1782 – 1932 CE
- Nguyễn dynasty 1802 – 1945 CE
- Riau-Lingga Sultanate 1824 – 1911 CE
- Empire of Vietnam 1945 – 1945 CE
West Africa 39
- Ghana Empire c. 300 CE – c. 1240 CE
- Kanem–Bornu Empire c. 700 CE – 1893 CE
- Kingdom of Nri c. 948 CE – 1911 CE
- Kingdom of Kano c. 999 CE – 1807 CE
- Hausa Kingdoms c. 999 CE – 1808 CE
- Ife Empire c. 1000 – 1420 CE
- Bono State c. 1100 – 1723 CE
- Kingdom of Katsina c. 1100 – 1806 CE
- Mossi Kingdoms c. 1100 – 1896 CE
- Gobir c. 1150 – 1808 CE
- Kingdom of Benin c. 1180 – 1897 CE
- Mali Empire c. 1235 – c. 1610 CE
- Waalo 1287 – 1855 CE
- Oyo Empire c. 1300 – c. 1836 CE
- Jolof Empire c. 1360 – 1549 CE
- Kingdom of Dagbon c. 1400 – c. 1896 CE
- Songhai Empire c. 1430 – 1591 CE
- Empire of Great Fulo 1512 – 1776 CE
- Kingdom of Kebbi 1516 – c. 1808 CE
- Sultanate of Bagirmi 1522 – 1897 CE
- Zazzau c. 1536 – 1805 CE
- Kaabu 1537 – 1867 CE
- Kingdom of Cayor 1549 – 1886 CE
- Akwamu c. 1550 – 1730 CE
- Kingdom of Dahomey c. 1600 – 1904 CE
- Kingdom of Denkyira c. 1620 – 1701 CE
- Wadai Sultanate 1635 – 1912 CE
- Kaarta c. 1650 – c. 1854 CE
- Fante Confederacy c. 1650 – 1873 CE
- Ashanti Empire 1701 – 1901 CE
- Kong Empire 1710 – 1898 CE
- Bamana Empire (Ségou) 1712 – 1861 CE
- Imamate of Futa Jallon 1725 – 1912 CE
- Imamate of Futa Toro 1776 – 1859 CE
- Sokoto Caliphate 1804 – 1903 CE
- Massina Empire (Caliphate of Hamdullahi) 1818 – 1862 CE
- Republic of Liberia 1847 – present CE
- Toucouleur Empire 1852 – 1893 CE
- Wassoulou Empire 1878 – 1898 CE
East, Central & Southern Africa 54
- Kingdom of Kerma c. 2500 – c. 1500 BCE
- Dʿmt c. 800 – c. 400 BCE
- Kingdom of Aksum c. 100 CE – c. 960 CE
- Nobatia c. 400 CE – c. 650 CE
- Makuria c. 450 CE – c. 1490 CE
- Alodia c. 550 CE – c. 1500 CE
- Sultanate of Showa (Makhzumi) 896 CE – 1286 CE
- Sultanate of Mogadishu c. 950 CE – c. 1600 CE
- Kilwa Sultanate c. 957 CE – 1513 CE
- Zagwe dynasty c. 1137 – 1270 CE
- Kingdom of Damot c. 1200 – c. 1550 CE
- Kingdom of Mapungubwe c. 1220 – c. 1300 CE
- Kingdom of Zimbabwe c. 1220 – c. 1450 CE
- Ajuran Sultanate c. 1250 – c. 1695 CE
- Ethiopian Empire 1270 – 1974 CE
- Ifat Sultanate 1275 – 1403 CE
- Kingdom of Buganda c. 1300 – 1894 CE
- Kingdom of Kaffa c. 1390 – 1897 CE
- Kingdom of Kongo c. 1390 – 1914 CE
- Adal Sultanate 1415 – 1577 CE
- Kingdom of Butua (Torwa dynasty) c. 1425 – c. 1683 CE
- Kingdom of Mutapa c. 1430 – 1884 CE
- Maravi Confederacy c. 1450 – c. 1867 CE
- Kingdom of Karagwe c. 1450 – 1963 CE
- Kingdom of Ankole c. 1478 – 1967 CE
- Shilluk Kingdom c. 1490 – 1861 CE
- Majeerteen Sultanate c. 1500 – 1927 CE
- Kingdom of Ndongo 1518 – 1683 CE
- Kingdom of Matamba c. 1530 – 1744 CE
- Kingdom of Imerina (Madagascar) c. 1540 – 1897 CE
- Kingdom of Loango c. 1550 – c. 1883 CE
- Bunyoro-Kitara c. 1550 – 1899 CE
- Luba Empire c. 1585 – 1889 CE
- Sultanate of Darfur c. 1603 – 1916 CE
- Kasanje Kingdom 1620 – 1912 CE
- Kuba Kingdom c. 1625 – 1884 CE
- Kingdom of Rwanda c. 1650 – 1961 CE
- Lunda Empire c. 1665 – 1887 CE
- Kingdom of Burundi c. 1680 – 1966 CE
- Rozvi Empire c. 1683 – 1866 CE
- Geledi Sultanate 1695 – 1911 CE
- Sultanate of Aussa 1734 – 1936 CE
- Isaaq Sultanate 1749 – 1884 CE
- Zulu Kingdom 1816 – 1897 CE
- Gaza Empire 1824 – 1895 CE
- Mthwakazi (Ndebele kingdom) c. 1838 – 1894 CE
- South African Republic (Transvaal) 1852 – 1902 CE
- Orange Free State 1854 – 1902 CE
- Sultanate of Zanzibar 1856 – 1964 CE
- Sultanate of Hobyo c. 1878 – 1927 CE
- Basutoland 1884 – 1966 CE
- Mahdist State 1885 – 1899 CE
- Dervish State 1895 – 1920 CE
- Central African Empire 1976 – 1979 CE
The Americas 37
- Caral–Supe (Norte Chico) civilisation c. 3500 – c. 1800 BCE
- Mixtec civilisation c. 1500 BCE – 1523 CE
- Olmec civilisation c. 1200 – c. 400 BCE
- Chavín culture c. 900 – c. 250 BCE
- Zapotec civilisation c. 700 BCE – 1521 CE
- Teotihuacan c. 100 BCE – c. 550 CE
- Nazca culture c. 100 BCE – c. 800 CE
- Moche culture c. 100 CE – c. 800 CE
- Maya city-states (Classic period) c. 250 CE – c. 900 CE
- Wari Empire c. 450 CE – c. 1000 CE
- Tiwanaku c. 600 CE – c. 1000 CE
- Sican (Lambayeque) culture c. 750 CE – c. 1375 CE
- Muisca Confederations c. 800 CE – 1540 CE
- Toltec state c. 900 CE – c. 1168 CE
- Chimú c. 900 CE – c. 1470 CE
- Cahokia c. 1050 – c. 1350 CE
- Kingdom of Cusco c. 1200 – 1438 CE
- Tarascan state c. 1300 – 1530 CE
- Tlaxcala 1348 – 1520 CE
- Aztec Empire (Triple Alliance) 1428 – 1521 CE
- Inca Empire 1438 – 1533 CE
- Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy c. 1450 – present CE
- Powhatan Confederacy c. 1550 – 1646 CE
- Comancheria c. 1750 – c. 1850 CE
- United States 1776 – present CE
- First Empire of Haiti 1804 – 1806 CE
- Gran Colombia 1819 – 1831 CE
- First Mexican Empire 1821 – 1823 CE
- Empire of Brazil 1822 – 1889 CE
- Federal Republic of Central America 1823 – 1841 CE
- Peru–Bolivian Confederation 1836 – 1839 CE
- Republic of Texas 1836 – 1846 CE
- Republic of Yucatán 1841 – 1848 CE
- Second Empire of Haiti 1849 – 1859 CE
- Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia 1860 – 1862 CE
- Confederate States of America 1861 – 1865 CE
- Second Mexican Empire 1863 – 1867 CE
Pacific 7
- Tu'i Tonga Empire c. 950 CE – c. 1865 CE
- Saudeleur dynasty c. 1100 – c. 1628 CE
- Kingdom of Tahiti c. 1788 – 1880 CE
- Kingdom of Hawaiʻi 1795 – 1893 CE
- Kingdom of Tonga c. 1845 – present CE
- Kingdom of Fiji 1871 – 1874 CE
- Kingdom of Samoa 1873 – 1900 CE