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Egypt & the NileAfricaAsiaMajor empire

Mamluk Sultanate

1250 – 1517 CE · about 267 years

The Mamluk Sultanate was ruled by a military caste of formerly enslaved soldiers from Cairo, controlling Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz. The Mamluks halted the Mongol advance at Ayn Jalut in 1260 and expelled the last Crusader states. The Ottomans conquered the sultanate in 1517.

Key facts

Dates1250 – 1517 CE
RegionEgypt & the Nile
ContinentAfrica, Asia
CapitalCairo
Religion(s)Sunni Islam
Peak extent≈ 2.1 million km² (c. 1300 CE) – source

Before & after

Preceded by

Ayyubid Sultanate Abbasid Caliphate Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Makuria Kingdom of Jerusalem Principality of Antioch County of Tripoli Tahirid Sultanate (Yemen)

Followed by

Ottoman Empire

In the Islamic timeline

  • Abbasid Caliphate — Hosted the line of Abbasid caliphs in Cairo (1261–1517) after the fall of Baghdad.

Sources

Dates follow widely used reference works; many ancient dates are approximate or debated. Neutral summary for general reference.