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Eurasian steppeAsiaEuropeMajor empire

Mongol Empire

1206 – 1368 CE · about 162 years

The Mongol Empire, founded by Genghis Khan, became the largest contiguous land empire in history, stretching from Korea to Hungary. It destroyed the Khwarazmian Empire, sacked Baghdad in 1258 and conquered China. It split into four khanates: the Yuan, Ilkhanate, Chagatai Khanate and Golden Horde.

Key facts

Dates1206 – 1368 CE
RegionEurasian steppe
ContinentAsia, Europe
CapitalsAvarga, Karakorum, Khanbaliq
FounderGenghis Khan
Religion(s)Tengrism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity
Peak extent≈ 24 million km² (c. 1270 CE) – source

Note on dates: End date marks the fall of the Yuan; the unified empire had split by about 1260–1294.

Before & after

Preceded by

Khwarazmian Empire Abbasid Caliphate Jin dynasty (Jurchen) Western Xia Kievan Rus' Volga Bulgaria Qara Khitai Dali Kingdom

Followed by

Yuan dynasty Ilkhanate Chagatai Khanate Golden Horde

In the Islamic timeline

  • Abbasid Caliphate — Mongol forces under Hulagu sacked Baghdad and ended the Abbasid caliphate there in 1258.

Sources

Dates follow widely used reference works; many ancient dates are approximate or debated. Neutral summary for general reference.