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Golden Horde
Also known as Ulus of Jochi, Kipchak Khanate
The Golden Horde was the Mongol khanate of the western steppe, founded by Batu Khan, which ruled the Russian principalities as tributaries. Under Uzbeg Khan it adopted Islam. It broke into smaller khanates in the 15th century.
Key facts
| Dates | 1242 – 1502 CE |
|---|---|
| Region | Eurasian steppe |
| Continent | Europe, Asia |
| Capital | Sarai |
| Founder | Batu Khan |
| Religion(s) | Tengrism, Sunni Islam (from 1313) |
| Peak extent | ≈ 6 million km² (c. 1310 CE) – source |
Before & after
Preceded by
Mongol Empire Kievan Rus' Volga Bulgaria Cumania (Cuman–Kipchak confederation)
Followed by
Grand Duchy of Moscow Kazakh Khanate Crimean Khanate Khanate of Kazan Astrakhan Khanate Khanate of Sibir Nogai Horde Great Horde Qasim Khanate Uzbek Khanate (Abu'l-Khayrid)
Sources
Dates follow widely used reference works; many ancient dates are approximate or debated. Neutral summary for general reference.