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Europe & colonial empiresEuropeMajor empire

Holy Roman Empire

962 CE – 1806 CE · about 844 years

The Holy Roman Empire was a complex union of territories in central Europe, mainly German lands, under an elected emperor. Otto I's coronation in 962 is usually taken as its start, though some date it from Charlemagne in 800. It was dissolved during the Napoleonic Wars in 1806.

Key facts

Dates962 CE – 1806 CE
RegionEurope & colonial empires
ContinentEurope
CapitalNo fixed capital (Aachen, Prague, Vienna among imperial seats)
FounderOtto I
Religion(s)Catholic Christianity, Protestantism (after 1555)
Peak extent≈ 1 million km² (c. 1050 CE) – source

Before & after

Preceded by

Frankish Empire (Francia) Carolingian Empire

Followed by

Austrian Empire First French Empire (Napoleonic) Kingdom of Prussia Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of Bavaria Kingdom of Westphalia Confederation of the Rhine

Sources

Dates follow widely used reference works; many ancient dates are approximate or debated. Neutral summary for general reference.