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Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (RA)

سعد بن أبي وقاص

d. c. 55 AH date disputed

An early convert from Banu Zuhrah (the clan of the Prophet's mother), the first to shoot an arrow in Allah's cause, and commander at Qadisiyyah. He kept away from the civil wars.

Biography

Sa'd accepted Islam as a young man. His mother's hunger strike to make him leave Islam is linked by exegetes to 29:8 and 31:15 (Sahih Muslim). At Uhud the Prophet ﷺ said to him 'Shoot, may my father and mother be ransomed for you' (Sahih Bukhari). The Prophet ﷺ visited him when ill at the Farewell Pilgrimage and limited bequests to one third (Sahih Bukhari).

He commanded the Muslim army at al-Qadisiyyah (c. 15 AH) and founded Kufa. He was among Umar's six-member shura. During the fitnah he withdrew from fighting. He narrated the hadith comparing Ali to Harun and the Mubahalah report (Sahih Muslim). He died at al-Aqiq near Madinah around 55 AH, among the last of the ten.

Sources & explanation

۞ Qur'an

29:8 31:15

Links open quran.com.

📜 Hadith verified on sunnah.com

  • Sahih Muslim 2404d Sahih

    Mu'awiyah asked Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas what prevented him from reviling Abu Turab (Ali); Sa'd cited three sayings of the Prophet ﷺ: the Harun-Musa hadith, the Khaybar banner, and the Mubahalah, when he gathered Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn saying 'O Allah, these are my family'.

  • Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3747 Sahih (Darussalam)

    The Ten promised Paradise (al-'Ashara al-Mubashsharah) named in one hadith narrated by 'Abd al-Rahman ibn 'Awf.

  • Sunan Abi Dawud 4649 Sahih (Al-Albani)

    Sa'id ibn Zayd testified that the Prophet ﷺ named ten people in Paradise.

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 4059 Sahih

    At Uhud the Prophet ﷺ said to Sa'd: 'Shoot! Let my father and mother be sacrificed for you.'

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 2742 Sahih

    During his illness Sa'd wanted to bequeath his wealth; the Prophet ﷺ allowed one third, 'and a third is a lot'.

  • Sahih Muslim 1748c Sahih

    Sa'd's mother vowed not to eat until he left Islam; verses 29:8 / 31:15 were revealed about him.

💬 Explanation Unverified

Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's perspective

Methodological note (not a direct quote): Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's widely known approach is to build narratives primarily on the Quran and Sahih Hadith, to set aside Israiliyat (Judeo-Christian lore absorbed into later tafsir) and weak or fabricated narrations, and to avoid sectarian framing. Applied to this node: Sahih Bukhari and Muslim reports form the account; his neutrality in the fitnah is noted.

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Further references

  • Sahih Muslim (his mother and 29:8)
  • Sahih Bukhari ('shoot, may my parents be ransomed')
  • Sahih Bukhari (bequest of one third)
  • Sahih Muslim (Sa'd's narration on Ali)
  • Jami' al-Tirmidhi (hadith of the ten promised Paradise, Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf)
  • Sunan Abi Dawud (hadith of the ten, Sa'id ibn Zayd)

Connections

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