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Fatimah al-Zahra bint Muhammad (RA)

فاطمة الزهراء بنت محمد

d. 11 AH (about six months after the Prophet ﷺ) · child of the Prophet ﷺ

The Prophet's youngest daughter, wife of Ali and mother of Hasan and Husayn, through whom his descendants continue. He called her 'a part of me' and the leader of the women of Paradise.

Biography

Fatimah was born to Khadijah in Makkah and married Ali ibn Abi Talib in Madinah (2 AH). Their children were al-Hasan, al-Husayn, Zaynab and Umm Kulthum (a son al-Muhsin is mentioned in some reports). The Prophet ﷺ said 'Fatimah is a part of me; whoever angers her angers me' (Sahih Bukhari) and told her she would be the leader of the women of Paradise (Sahih Bukhari; Sahih Muslim). She is included in Hadith al-Kisa (Sahih Muslim) and the Mubahalah (3:61; Sahih Muslim).

In his final illness the Prophet ﷺ told her she would be the first of his family to follow him, and she smiled (Sahih Bukhari). She died about six months after him. Sahih Bukhari records her request to Abu Bakr for inheritance (Fadak and Khaybar shares) and his citing of the hadith 'we prophets are not inherited from; what we leave is charity'; this episode is a major point of Sunni-Shia disagreement and is reported here as found in Sahih Bukhari without polemical framing.

Sources & explanation

۞ Qur'an

33:33 3:61

Links open quran.com.

📜 Hadith verified on sunnah.com

  • Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3205 Sahih (Darussalam)

    The verse of purification (33:33) was revealed in Umm Salamah's house; the Prophet ﷺ covered Fatimah, Hasan, Husayn and Ali with a cloak.

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 3730 Sahih

    When Ali proposed to Abu Jahl's daughter, the Prophet ﷺ praised his son-in-law Abu al-'As: 'he spoke to me and was truthful, promised and fulfilled', and said Fatimah is part of him.

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 3715, 3716 Sahih

    'Fatimah is a part of me; whoever angers her angers me.'

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 3623, 3624 Sahih

    In his final illness the Prophet ﷺ confided in Fatimah that she would be the first of his family to follow him and the chief of the women of Paradise / believing women.

  • Sahih al-Bukhari 3092, 3093 Sahih

    Fatimah asked Abu Bakr for her inheritance (incl. Fadak); he cited 'We (prophets) are not inherited; what we leave is charity' (the Fadak dispute).

  • Sahih Muslim 2424 Sahih

    Hadith al-Kisa': the Prophet ﷺ took Hasan, Husayn, Fatimah and Ali under his cloak and recited 33:33.

  • Sahih Muslim 2404d Sahih

    Mu'awiyah asked Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas what prevented him from reviling Abu Turab (Ali); Sa'd cited three sayings of the Prophet ﷺ: the Harun-Musa hadith, the Khaybar banner, and the Mubahalah, when he gathered Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn saying 'O Allah, these are my family'.

💬 Explanation Unverified

Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's perspective

Methodological note (not a direct quote): Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's widely known approach is to build narratives primarily on the Quran and Sahih Hadith, to set aside Israiliyat (Judeo-Christian lore absorbed into later tafsir) and weak or fabricated narrations, and to avoid sectarian framing. Applied to this node: Her virtues are drawn from Sahih Bukhari and Muslim; the inheritance episode is reported as narrated in Sahih Bukhari, with the dispute acknowledged.

Related videos Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza

Further references

  • Sahih Bukhari ('Fatimah is a part of me')
  • Sahih Muslim (Hadith al-Kisa)
  • Sahih Bukhari (Fadak episode)
  • Quran 3:61
  • Quran 33:33

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