Islamic Timeline of RevelationOpen in flowchart →Ottoman Sultanate-Caliphate
الدولة العثمانية
The Turkish Sunni (largely Hanafi) empire that conquered Constantinople (1453 CE) and, after taking Egypt (1517 CE), claimed the caliphate. The caliphate was abolished by the Turkish Republic in 1924 CE.
Biography
Founded by Osman I in Anatolia, the Ottomans took Constantinople under Mehmed II (1453 CE) and, under Selim I, defeated the Mamluks (1517 CE), assuming custody of Makkah and Madinah and the caliphal title. Under Suleiman (1520-1566 CE) they reached their peak. Hanafi law was the official school, and Sufi orders were influential.
After defeat in the First World War, the sultanate was abolished (1922 CE) and the caliphate ended in 1924 CE, prompting movements such as the Khilafat Movement in British India.
Sources & explanation
۞ Qur'an
No specific verses cited for this node.
📜 Hadith verified on sunnah.com
No verified hadith attached yet. Only references checked against sunnah.com are listed.
💬 Explanation Unverified
Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's perspective
Methodological note (not a direct quote): Engineer Muhammad Ali Mirza's widely known approach is to build narratives primarily on the Quran and Sahih Hadith, to set aside Israiliyat (Judeo-Christian lore absorbed into later tafsir) and weak or fabricated narrations, and to avoid sectarian framing. Applied to this node: Historical presentation only.
Empires in their lifetime
- Ottoman Empire c. 1299 – 1922 CEThe Ottoman sultans held the title of caliph, abolished in 1924.
- Crimean Khanate 1441 – 1783 CEAn Ottoman vassal from 1475.
- Regency of Algiers 1516 – 1830 CEAn Ottoman province under the sultan-caliphs.
- Ottoman Tripolitania 1551 – 1912 CEAn Ottoman province under the sultan-caliphs.
- Ottoman Tunisia 1574 – 1881 CEAn Ottoman province under the sultan-caliphs.
- Kingdom of Hejaz 1916 – 1925 CEHussein claimed the caliphate after its abolition in 1924.
Further references
- Historical consensus (general histories)
Connections
Comes from
- Abbasid Caliphate offshoot — Caliphal title passed after 1517 CE
Linked with
- Hanafi School related — Official school